Review of Research Paper on Creating Home-Made Stem Cells

Our paper discusses an important step in the research surrounding stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are found in the early blastocyst, and can differentiate into different cell types such as neurons, cardiac muscle, or blood cells. As is explained elsewhere on this paper, stem cells are extremely useful and hold amazing medical potential, especially to â€Å"grow† specific cells, tissues, and even organs for patients. Controversy mires the progress of stem cell research from embryos, however, and technical problems exist along with the ethical ones. Marius Wernig and his team of scientists have had success studying a way to get around this, however. What if, instead of taking stem cells from newly created embryos, an†¦show more content†¦But how did the experimenters know if the cells that they had created were truly pluripotent stem cells? What could these cells form? First, a bit of background information must be included about chimeras. In basic terms, a chimera contains two sets of DNA, both of which are expressed. Different sections of the chimera’s body will be derived from different DNA. A good example is an individual with eyes of two different colors (one green, one blue, etc). Chimeras can be formed when two fertilized eggs fuse together at an early stage, or when an unfertilized egg or extra sperm fuses with a fertilized egg. Now the developing organism contains two different genetic codes. In most cases, chimeras are completely healthy. There is no worry of immune rejection, because the cells are joined together far before any immune system exists to reject either. Now, back to the paper. How did chimeras help the scientists identify the pluripotent stem cells they had created? The scientists obtained mouse blastocysts that had certain traits different than those in the intended pluripotent cells. These blastocysts were injected with the potential induced pluripotent stem cells, and allowed to develop to birth. All the induced stem cells were designed to produce Gfp (green fluorescent protein), so if the newly born mice glowed green under ultraviolet light, then it proved that they indeedShow MoreRelatedNegative And Positive Aspects Of Social Media2556 Words   |  11 PagesWith the increasing number of social media sites, it is a premise that technological advancement is an important part of the today’s teenager s lives. This research was obtained random sample of the participants were drawn from college students. The study interview results showed that 57% of the sampled confessed that they spent at least 7-8 hours dai ly on social media platforms, while 21 would spend more than 8 hours; 12% spend 2-5hours and only 10% uses less than 3hours to check the sites. 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Collaboration And Growth Of the Knowledge - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Collaboration And Growth Of the Knowledge. Answer: Introduction: Uber is one of the success stories which is basically a ride sharing and multinational company and it has severe leadership problems. It is also an entrepreneurial company which was responsible for transforming the existent taxi industry and it always fought to get its hold on the market share. It is believed that the company failed and several issues where created due to the leadership issues. The heads of the company failed to understand that the theory of winning at any cost and its culture was not the way in which a company could be run. Despite providing several solutions to the customers, the issues which Uber had caused for itself led to its downfall. Background: The Uber Company was found in the year 2009. It was founded by Garrett Camp and Travis Kalanick. It is based on San Francisco and it was originally a private car service for executives. The procedure of communication was conducted through emails and codes. The company started growing in the year 2010. Technology was utilized to bring passengers and drivers together for the successful completion of the Companys vision. Uber was regarded as the smartest way to get around. In case a person books a car it comes directly to that person and the payment is also completely cashless. The company targeted as specific segment of the customers. It was aimed at including those people who did not own a car. It also included those people who did not drive themselves to any party or function of any sort. There are certain people who like to travel in style and they also want to be treated as VIPs. They also need a cost efficient and suitable cab at their doorsteps. The relationship with the customers is built on the basis of the social media, which is a result of technological advancement. The customer support is a huge feature of this particular system. It also relies on the customer rating and the system of feedback. The sharing economy of the company is also an important aspect which was responsible for determining the economy of the company. The Uber drivers are responsible for the feedback and the sustainability of their service. It has been seen that the Uber drivers are drawn to the service by its simple and appealing prospects. The ability of the company to cont rol the supply to the drivers and also the exact number of rides which are demanded in pa particular area help them in optimizing the costs which are beneficial to them. The message of requirements is relayed to all the drivers in a particular locality. In several cases it has been seen that the influx of drivers in a particular locality is much more in comparison to the customers (Arendt 2017). The Uber drivers opine that since a long period of time, the Uber drivers have been neglected by the company. This is due to the reason that the company focuses mostly on the establishment of customer relations and much importance is not given to the drivers. Often the drivers have to suffer due to problems the company faces due to the customers. There have also been management issues in the Company (Rogers 2015). This is because of the lack of senior executives to help the company run in a proper manner. The most important strategy for the company is to make a suitable service facility such that the company is able to make money to overcome the costs and the cash which it has retrieved from capital investors. The Company cannot afford to hurt its business due to the problems it has encountered with its CEO. Therefore a proper effort needs to be given to improve the business (Leighton 2016). Another issue is that the company employees are trying to bring the previous CEO back instead of focussing on the betterment of the company and collection of its revenues. Another enemy of Uber in this particular case is the time. The advent of driverless cars is expected to pose a huge threat to the company. The venture of the company in China had failed and therefore it was necessary for the organisation to be cautious for its future attempts. There were several leadership problems which were plaguing the company and these were responsible for the losses and problems to the business. There also were ego problems in the management and the founding teams. The people who had founded the company wrongly felt that they needed to have control over every operation of the company (Rutsch 2015). Problems faced: Leadership issues: The main issue which the Uber Company has faced till now is that of a sort of autocratic leadership. There have been several issues reported where there has been a sort of force of the upper management authorities applied to the Uber workers and employees which is not the ideal scenario in which a company should work. Problems with the behaviours of the drivers: There have been several reports where the drivers have been found to be behave rudely or in a disrespectful manner with their customers or their riders. There have been reports where it has been mentioned that drivers have raped or molested their passengers or in certain cases have not helped them reach their proper destinations (Rogers 2015). Dissatisfaction issues of the drivers: Due to the absence of the tipping services and the absence of any sort of materialistic rewards there has been a sense of dissatisfaction and irritation of the drivers. This has led to the change in their attitudes and the lowering of the quality of the Uber experience (Rogers 2015). Possible solution: Despite the problems which has been faced by Uber, it is still considered to be safer than most rides and taxi services and it has also created an efficient system for the ride sharing which is existent even now. Appointing new and suitable leaders for important posts: The solution to the leadership problems of the company is by appointing new and suitable leaders for the important managerial posts. The company heads need to realize that the structure and the conditions of the organisation are every changing the requirements are not bound to be the same. Focussing on Goodwill marketing: In order to restore the public image, the company needs to correct the issues it has been facing. The company needs to focus on the goodwill marketing. This will help the company capable enough of reacting well in all sorts of tricky situations. The company needs to make a conscious effort to offer free rides at the times of crisis to help the customers and help them get out of any sort of harm (Cramer and Krueger 2016). Allowing riders to utilize their own data: It is better to allow the riders to control their own data. This will help them understand and trust the company due to the level of privacy which they are provided with. The company can also ensure that private rides are given by the company so that information is not shared with the company. Fixing business and leadership issues: The most important change which the company needs to make is regarding the business issues which have been mentioned by the company. The leadership issues of Travis Kalanick and his responses only to social posts are not the only methods to solve a particular problem. The company needs to appoint leaders who are genuine and they have to stop the disruptive culture of the company. There should not be any sort of internal conflicts and in every possible situation the autocratic approach of leadership cannot be applied. There needs to be a participative style in order to ensure that the opinions of all the people involved are taken into consideration (Denning 2015). The style of leadership where the people are bound to follow only the orders from the higher management cannot be suitable as it puts forward the fact that the company does not care for the claims and considerations of the stakeholders. Implications of the positives and negatives of solution implementation: In case the solutions stated are not implemented the image of the Uber company is going to suffer more and their needs to be a conscious attempt to stop that. In case the image of the company suffers there is bound to be the beginning of a blame game which is bound to make matters worse for the company. On the other hand if the issues such as the dissatisfaction of the drivers, the introduction of the tipping system, provision for rewards are incorporated, the drivers will be happy and in turn provide proper services as employees of the company. Recommendations: Uber is a company which is powered by machine learning, collecting data on the requested rides and driver locations. It is utilized to optimize all aspects of the business. Maintaining proper relationship with the drivers: The driver relationship needs to be maintained and the company needs to take it upon themselves to maintain it. In case the drivers are likely to lose money they need to be left in a low driver requested area the rider needs to pay a higher fare. The pricing system needs to be maintained and the consideration needs to be applied to these types of rides in order to compensate a driver for the significant costs. The costs which are incurred in the way of picking up a driver needs to be kept in mind. Adoption of a suitable rating system: There needs to be a proper knowledge regarding the rating system which affects the drivers overall rating. Therefore it is desirable for Uber to switch to a binary rating system as the present situation of rating affects the overall rating of the drivers. On the other hand a binary system would decisively differentiate the rides. The proper description of the ride needs to be mentioned to benefit the drivers. In case an option is given, there is an opportunity for the riders to report any situation they face to the Uber Company. The issue can be solved in case certain changes are made according to the problems which have been faced (Drahozal 2015). Providing suitable rewards to the drivers: The drivers also need to be given either materialistic or monetary rewards in order to appreciate their efforts so that the desire to remain with the company remains. In case a reward system is introduced it can be ensured that the workers have some motivation towards which they all can work. In case they know that they will receive tangible rewards in case they achieve a certain amount of success they can work towards it and ensure that their goals for achievement are met. Introduction of the tipping service: The tipping service which had been excluded from the Uber App needs to be included for better nature of service. This facility will benefit the drivers and the overall Uber system as a whole. In case the riders are pleased with the service they get or particularly with the drivers they can not only rate their ride but also tip the drivers to make their satisfaction known to them References: Arendt, H., 2017.ber die Revolution. Piper ebooks. Cramer, J. and Krueger, A.B., 2016. Disruptive change in the taxi business: The case of Uber.American Economic Review,106(5), pp.177-82. Denning, S., 2015. New lessons for leaders about continuous innovation.Strategy Leadership,43(1), pp.11-15. Drahozal, C.R., 2015. Commercial Arbitration: Cases and Problems. Glss, M., McGregor, M. and Brown, B., 2016, May. Designing for labour: Uber and the on-demand mobile workforce. InProceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems(pp. 1632-1643). ACM. Leighton, P., 2016. Professional self-employment, new power and the sharing economy: Some cautionary tales from Uber.Journal of Management Organization,22(6), pp.859-874. Rogers, B., 2015. The social costs of Uber.U. Chi. L. Rev. Dialogue,82, p.85. Rutsch, A., 2015. Growth leadership as practice: Leadership, collaboration and growth of knowledge-based organizations.

Bed Bath Beyond Cap Structure free essay sample

Bed Bath and Beyond Cash and Debt-to-total Capital While BBBYs balance sheet is strong, there are risks of having too much cash. Namely the risk of not attracting or keeping investors, because of their desire to maximize their returns. When an investor sees to much cash on the balance sheet, they may question the companys ability to manage their capital structure efficiently, and therefore question their ability to maximize shareholder value. While BBBY uses their cash for store growth and small acquisitions, they should also be focusing on using their cash to increase shareholder value. If BBBY were to use $400 million in excess cash and $636. 3 million in borrowed funds to repurchase its shares they would increase their basic earnings per share from 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Bed Bath Beyond Cap Structure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 35 to 1. 41 and their diluted earnings per share from 1. 31 to 1. 37 (exhibit 2). If BBBY were to use $400 million in excess cash, and borrow $1. 27 billion to repurchase their shares, they would decrease their basic earnings per share from 1. 5 to . 70 and their diluted earnings per share from 1. 31 to . 72 (exhibit 2). Repurchasing shares with a 40% debt to total capital ratio would increase shareholder value, however repurchasing shares with an 80% debt to total capital ratio would significantly decrease shareholder value and therefore would not be advisable. Increasing debt increases shareholder value to a certain point. As this proforma shows, the point of diminishing return is somewhere between 40% and 80%. Capital Structure for Bed Bath and Beyond An analysis of a repurchase of stock for $400 million cash, and recapitalization to 80% debt-to-total capital by borrowing $1. 27 million reveals that BBBYs return on equity will be 113%, return on assets 61% and an after tax cost of debt of 28%. ROE is gt; ROA and ROA gt; after tax cost of debt. With the 80% debt-to-total capital structure ROE exceeds the other two capital structure scenarios of no debt and 40% debt-to-total capital. While all of this looks great there are other considerations. The household and personal products industries debt to total asset ratio is 34. 69% while BBBY debt to total asset ratio is at 44% ($1,270,000/$2,865,023). Increasing to this capital structure would also reduce shareholders earnings per share. BBBY will need to trade off business risk against financial risk. They operate in an industry with fairly low business risk however BBBYs operating leverage is high which ould indicate a higher than industry business risk if they are not cognizant of managing their fixed costs. In addition, BBBYs debt to total asset ratio is higher than their industry. Both of these indicate a high business and financial risk. If BBBY were to recapitalize to 80% debt to total capital it would only increase their financial risk and reduce shareholders earnings per share. Therefore the recommendation for a capital structure for BBBY would be to add more than the 40% debt to total capital but not more t han 80%.

An Inspector Calls †Theatre Essay

An Inspector Calls – Theatre Essay Free Online Research Papers An Inspector Calls Theatre Essay Introduction: This superbly crafted play by J.B Priestly ‘An Inspector Calls’ was written in 1945 and set in 1912. The play was written at the time of the Second World War. The specific setting is as the Titanic is to set sail for America. The world was also thinking about going to war with Germany for the first time. Life for the poor in 1912 was very insecure. There was a lack of a Welfare State, which didn’t help the poor. For women it was almost the same they were treated like they did not have a mind of their own and the dominant males controlled them. An example of this from the play is, â€Å"Oh- Gerald- you’ve got it- is it the one you wanted me to have?† (Act 1, P. 4) The play was structured well because it had dramatic and thrilling cliff-hangers one example is at the very end of the play when Mr. Birling receives a phone call form the hospital and he says, â€Å"That was the police. A girl had just died on her way to the infirmary- after swallowing some disinfectant†. The play was also set in real time like the classical Greek theatre, they believed a play should be set in real time. The several themes in the play are: treatment of women, love, jealousy, mystery/secrecy and sinning money/capitalism. To get these themes across to the world and show how 1912 was like in society then was Priestley’s purpose in writing this play. Section One- The Dinner Party: The opening scene of the play is in the dining room of the Birling’s house in Brumley, an industrial city in the North Midlands. An evening in spring 1912. Mr. Birling, Mrs. Birling, Sheila, Gerald and Eric are sitting around the dinning table discussing about Gerald and Sheila’s engagement. This suggests that the kind of lifestyle they have is very grand and that they are a close family. When the inspector arrives it is made dramatic by Mr. Birling asking questions about him and what he’s doing here, â€Å"An Inspector? What kind of inspector?† (Act 1, P.7) When the inspector enters the room his presents creates an impression of largeness and toughness. He also speaks carefully, and looks hard at the person he addresses which gives an uneasy feeling. The inspector shows a photograph of a young lady to everyone but Eric and Gerald. This builds the tension up a great deal because we now know that the photograph has something to do with them, but we don’t know quite what. Section Two Arthur Birling At the dinner party, Arthur Birling talks about how the Titanic is unsinkable and that Britain won’t go to war with Germany. He also talks about his knighthood, â€Å"I gather there’s a very good chance of a knighthood†. (Act 1, P.6) This reveals he is a proud and negative character of the play. Mr. Birling sackedEva Smith because she was one of the ringleaders of a strike over their pay. He shows no guilt on sacking Eva, the audience will respond by thinking he is insensitive and only cares about making money for himself. Arthur thinks his position is a high, powerful one because he is very bossy and thinks he can take charge of everybody else. Section Three- Shelia Birling Shelia feels a lot of remorse for Eva Smith being sacked she says, â€Å"I think it was a mean thing to do. Perhaps that spoiled everything for her.† (Act 1, P.14) Meaning that if Mr. Birling hadn’t of sacked her then she would have not committed suicide. The audience should respond better to Sheila because she is more considerate and will think she is the nice character of the play. At the end of Act One Sheila and Gerald arguing builds up the tension by Gerald begging Shelia not to tell the inspector what he did and Shelia tells him and laughs, â€Å"You fool- he knows†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Act 1, P.19) Meaning the inspector already knows what he did and keeps the audience in suspense making the audience wonder if he knows. More tension is added when she leaves the room and the door slowly opens and the inspector appears. Section Four- Gerald Croft When Gerald dumped Daisy by saying he is engaged to another woman and leaving her, the audience feels that it helped. The audience might think he treated Daisy badly because he went behind her back by saying he wasn’t seeing any other women. Section Five- Sybil Birling She is very concerned and apprehensive to people in poverty because she strongly thinks it is very wrong. The tension is built up at the end of Act Two by the inspector when he says he is waiting â€Å"to do my duty† (Act 2, P.35) and they are thinking what he is going to do. Eric enters and Mrs. Birling says, â€Å"Look inspector, you’re not trying to tell us that- that my boy- is mixed up in this-?† This makes us think that Eric might have something to do with this. Conclusion Yes I think that priestly is making a point and all the characters in the play are to blame. At the end of the play there is a phone call of a suicide. I think Priestly put it in to add a final suspension to the play. And it makes a very good cliff-hanger. Also to make us ask ourselves questions, and wonder what might happen next, so he’s leaving it to out imaginations. Questions like â€Å"Who was Inspector Goole? How did he know about the suicide?† Learn more about An Inspector Calls Research Papers on An Inspector Calls - Theatre EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Fifth HorsemanTrailblazing by Eric AndersonInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West Meet

Strategic Analysis of Proctor&Gamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Analysis of Proctor&Gamble - Essay Example The structure P&G adopted changed from a â€Å"Global Matrix† to a hybrid organizational structure. Roald Jean Degenalso termed it as â€Å"Front-Back Hybrid Matrix organization† structure. The structure focusses on two key areas in its operations; namely the customer markets designed on the front end and the end products designed on the back end. Therefore, it can combine both customer focus and responsiveness, and the global-scale economies together.P&G has four major divisions with each having a sub-division. These include Europe consisting of Middle East/Africa, Western Europe and Central Europe. North America has the United States/Puerto Rico and Canada. Latin America has Asia/Australia. Lastly, Greater China, with its headquarters at Singapore, has Northeast Asia, Australia and India/ASEAN.Baby care/family care, healthcare, snacks and beverage, beauty care /feminine care and fabric/homecare. The organization functions from an additional matrix across two parallel organizations. Key areas of focus here include finance and accounting, information technology, customer business developments, product supply, external relations, consumer and market knowledge, research and development, legal and human resources. There are unit managers charged with two responsibilities. These include looking after the product, as well as the other region. In this matrix structure, the power between different business units is balanced by reporting higher up in the hierarchy.

Comparative politics and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Comparative politics and governance - Essay Example While the United States considers itself the original and best democratic nation, the institutions and basic structure of the government inhibit some of the foundational ideals of democracy. Younger democracies, like Nigeria and Spain, actually come closer to realizing representation of the citizenry. The small-scale direct democracy of classical Athens is often held up as the purest form of democracy. Each citizen in Athenian democracy had a vote, the simplest formulation of â€Å"One man, one vote,† a right which did not extend to women and slaves, and voted directly on issues, policy, and representation (Blackwell 2003). This original democracy is only truly practicable on small scales. With larger populations, such as the 300 million population of the United States (United States Census Bureau 2010), direct democracy is highly impractical, requiring voters to vote on representatives to act in their interests. The way these representatives are elected and represent the will of their constituents is the primary difference between democratic governments. In the United States, power is shared by three separate branches of government, designed to share and check one another to avoid concentration of power in any single branch of the government. The elected representatives of the legislative body are tasked with the crafting of legislation, funding, approving presidential appointments, and declaring war. Representatives of the two houses in the legislature are elected by voters in their district, unlike the president who is elected by electors who are themselves elected in the Presidential race (Leip 2008). On the surface, this may appear to be direct representation, but the United States has a two-party system of democracy, meaning that voters are more often voting for a political party rather than a candidate and his policy platform. Power in a legislative body is shared and wielded by political parties who, more often than not, can act in the best inter est of their party rather than the interest of the voters, regardless of the reasons for which they were elected. This system presents problems for a claim of a true democracy in several ways, one of which being the means by which candidates are selected to run for office in the first place. The political party helps raise funds to run the campaign, a control on who can run in the race before it even starts. Independent or third-party candidates rarely win an election because of the lack of political party support. When they do win, it is almost always because they have name recognition as an established political figure, such as Joseph Lieberman, who won his seat in the Senate as an independent after losing the Democratic primary in 2008 (Joseph I. Lieberman 2011). The voter has, basically, a choice between two candidates, two parties, which does not represent a real choice and may not truly represent the views of the voters. Another problematic aspect of a limited-party system is the gerrymandering of political districts. Once in power, political powers redraw districts to consolidate blocks of voters they know will vote for their party. In a way, this is â€Å"rigging† the election system such that the incumbent, or at least his or her party, is reliably safe in an election, which explains the

Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention

Epidemiology in Disease Control and Prevention The purpose of this discussion post is to briefly review the concepts of epidemiology in disease control and prevention. I will also define and apply the ecoscoial epidemiology paradigm to obesity in my community. Epidemiology means many things, but largely, it is the study of the health status in our community as determined by statistical information, probability and research (Nies McEwen, 2015). Community health nurses use the concepts of epidemiology any time the nurse conducts, collects or analyzes data regarding diseases in the community, or uses data to help identify at risk groups in the community (Nies McEwen, 2015). Our reading this week discussed a variety of epidemiological models, methods and approaches. The data collected through epidemiology can identify diseases and infections, and trace these illnesses down to a single cause. In order to identify and resolve illness, the epidemiologist must first identify the problem, detect possible causes of the disease and the disease itself; determine how the illness is spread and finally, classify how people in the community become susceptible to the disease (Nies McEwen, 2015, p. 70-72; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). Ecosocial epidemiology is a newer concept and describes diseases from a macro-level; meaning the health and disease status for a community rather than illness in just one patient (Nies McEwen, 2015). An example of ecosocial epidemiology approach would be to discuss obesity in our community. In 2013, the American Medical Association (AMA) labeled obesity as a chronic disease; the WHO described obesity as an epidemic and reported that half-a-billion people in the world obese(Stoner Cornwall, 2014). Obesity may be caused by numerous factors, including genetics, socioeconomic status or lack of education on healthy eating. Obesity is typically accompanied by other comorbid conditions such as diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The cost of healthcare for obese individuals is typically more than a non-obese person. The private practice office I work in sees a fair amount of patients whose symptoms can be attributed to obesity secondary to poor diet and inc ome level. A community health nurse can examine obesity in the community from a macro-level perspective. As mentioned above, obesity can be connected to a persons socioeconomic meaning the lower a persons income or education level, the more at risk that person is for obesity (Bielemann, Santos Motta, Minten, Horta, Gigante, 2014). Individuals with lower income are more likely to consume cheaper, convenient foods with large portion sizes (i.e., fast food, frozen dinners, boxed meals, chips, etc). These food items are readily accessible and are typically higher in calories, sodium, fat and sugars. The larger portion sizes can be seen as more value for the dollar. Another study showed that even with the application of food health labels, lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to purchase these unhealthy foods and reported that food labels can be seen as unclear and confusing (Hankey, 2015). A community health nurse can collect and analyze data from the community through surveys, questionnaire s or interviews and compare the number of obese patients to their socioeconomic, education level and comorbid conditions. This data can be used to provide interventions and education to this at risk population. In conclusion, epidemiology is the study of health and disease of the entire community, and not one person. Ecosocial epidemiology looks at health and disease from a macro level and can incorporate multiple factors that may attribute to an illness.   Obesity in our community can be viewed from a macro-level, secondary to the multiple risk factors, including socioeconomic status, education and existing medical conditions. Understanding epidemiology is important to community health nursing as this information can assist the nurse in focusing on disease prevention and education for at risk populations. References Bielemann, R. M., Santos Motta, J. V., Minten, G. C., Horta, B. L., Gigante, D. P. (2014). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and their impact on the diet of young adults. Revista de Saà ºde Pà ºblica, 49, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-8910.2015049005572 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Public health series 101 Introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/epidemiology.html Hankey, C. (2015). Food and catering modifications for public health: chronic disease and obesity prevention. Medicine, 43(2), 135-138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.MPMED.2014.11.004 Nies, M. A., McEwen, M. (2015). Community public health nursing (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Stoner, L., Cornwall, J. (2014). Did the American Medical Association make the correct decision classifying obesity as a disease? Australasian Medical Journal, 7(11), 462-464. http://dx.doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2014.2281